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'Rosa carolina L.' rose References
Book  (1994)  Page(s) 12.  
 
Carolinae... The roses from Carolina... the only ones which enjoy growing in wet ground and in mild shade... distinct from other roses in that the autumn leaves can be very richly coloured in shades of scarlet, orange and gold.
Book  (Sep 1993)  Page(s) 20.  
 
(R. carolina; R. humilis; R. parviflora; 'Pasture Rose') One of the common Wild Roses of the eastern US and Canada. Once-blooming.
Book  (Aug 1990)  Page(s) 42-44.  Includes photo(s).
 
Rosa carolina Description... introduced 1826... pink flowers... Foliage orange and yellow in the fall... This short bush is native to the east coast of North America, ranging from Nova Scotia to Texas... When left on its own or in the wild, it grows about three feet high; but when it is carefully tended, as in the Cranford Rose Garden, it can reach up to six feet...
Book  (1988)  Page(s) 20.  
 
From visits to Massachusetts in 1638 and 1664, John Josselyn compiled a herbal and account of the natural history, both indigenous and imported, and mentioned roses in New England Rarities Discovered (1672). On R. carolina (of which there are many forms native to eastern and central North America) he said, 'Wild Damask Rose, single, but very large and sweet'... [also] the 'Sweet Bryer or Eglantine.' For practical purposes this rose was extensively used in new settlements as boundary hedging and to enclose gardens...
Book  (1984)  Page(s) 87.  Includes photo(s).
 
Rosa carolina /Rosa carolina L. /Rosa humilis Marsh./Rosa virginiana var humilis/Rosa parviflora J.F. Ehrh. /Rosa pensylvanica Wangenth. = Amérique du Nord orientale, introduction 1826… Cette espèce est souvent confondue avec Rosa palustris et Rosa virginiana…
Book  (1981)  Page(s) 268.  Includes photo(s).
 
R. carolina L. Shrub 1-1.5 m./3.3-5 ft. high, stems slender, with many suckers, first bristly; branches often unarmed, prickles slender, straight; leaflets 5, rarely to 7, elliptic to lanceolate, 1-3 cm./0.4-1.2 in. long, sharply serrate, dark green, but not or only slightly glossy above, grayish-green and mostly bald beneath; flowers mostly solitary, pink, 5cm./2 in. across, July-August; sepals lanceolate, acuminate or dilated, dropping, glandular-hispid, pedicels glandular-bristly; fruits subglobose, 8 mm./0.3 in. across, rather glandular-hispid. 2n = 24 (rarely 14). WR 64; BB 1971; VP 437. E. N. America. 1826.
Book  (1976)  Page(s) 102-103.  
 
R. carolina L.
- Sp. plant. (1753), 492.
(R. humilis Mars., R. pensylvanica Wangenh., R. parviflora Ehrh., R. virginiana var. humilis C. K. Schneid., R. pratensis Rafinesque)
Büsche: 1 m, seltener 1,5 m hoch, mit aufrechten verästelten Trieben. Junge Triebe borstig.
Blätter: 5 (7) Fiederblättchen, elliptisch bis lanzettlich, 1 bis 3 cm lang, spitz-gesägt, Oberseite kahl, fast glänzend, hellgrün. Unterseite blaulich-grün, gewöhnlich kahl.
Blüten: meistens einzelständig, fast 5 cm breit; rosa; Kelchblätter lanzettlich, zugespitzt, verbreitert, drüsig-behaart, fallen ab; Blütenstiele drüsig-borstig. Blütezeut Juli/August.
Früchte: flach, abgerundet, 8 mm Durchmesser, borstig.
Bekannt seit 1826. Nach Krüssmann bezeichnet man diese Wildrose in Deutschland häufig fälschlicherweise als R. virginiana.
Verbreitungsgebiet: Nordamerika (von New Brunswick bis Florida und nach Westen bis Texas und Wisconsin).
Zierstrauch.
In Kultur sind einige Sorten und Hybriden....

Translation:
Bushes: 1 m, more seldon 1,5 m tall, with upright branched canes. Young canes are bristly.
Foliage: 5(7) leaflets, elliptical to lanceolate, 1 to 3 cm long, acuute-serrate, glabrous above, almost glossy, glaucous below, usually glabrous.
Blooms: mosrtly solitary, almost 5 cm across, pink; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, dilated, glandular-hirsute. Blooming time July/August.
Fruit: flat, rounded, 8 mm in diameter, bristly.
Known since 1826. According to Krüssmann this wild rose is often called erroneously R. virginiana in Germany.
Area of distribution: North America (from New Brunswick to Florida and in the West to Texas and Wisconsin).
Decorative shrub.
There are several sorts and hybrids in cultivation...
Book  (1966)  Page(s) 45, plate 59.  Includes photo(s).
 
Rosa carolina Shrub rose
A very easily satisfied and healthy North American species with pure pink single flowers in tight clusters; the bright red hips appear after flowering (see colour plate I). Glossy, dark green leaves and broad, compact growth up to 55 in, with suckers. An excellent bush rose for forming a dense hedge with, for example, R. virginiana and R. rugosa.
Website/Catalog  (1948)  Page(s) 50.  
 
Rosa
humilis. 5 ft. (Pasture Rose) sandy to silty clay loam, moist, well drained, pH 6.0-7.5, sun.
Book  (Jan 1946)  Page(s) 30.  
 
R. carolina, L. Native to Ontario and Maritimes. The young stems are usually very bristly, becoming smoother until the old ones are almost bare. It suckers badly and forms a mass of canes about three feet high. The large rose-coloured flowers are borne singly and followed by small fruits.
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