Book  (Feb 2009)  Page(s) 26.  
 
‘Quatre Saisons’/Rosa damascena var semperflorens:/Rosa bifera/’Rose des Quatre Saisons’/’Four Seasons’/’Rose of Castille’/’Castilian’/’Old Castilian’/’Austumn Damas’: Les rosiers de Damas. Origines, date d’introduction et parents non connus... C’est sans doute le plus ancien rosier remontant cultivé en Europe… NB: D’origine très ancienne, ce rosier a longtemps été pris pour celui qui était censé fleurir deux fois dans les antiques roseraies de Paestum. Il a été intensément cultivé pour la fleur coupée, en France, dans la région de Fontenay-aux-Roses, au début du XVIIIè siècle.

Article (magazine)  (2006)  
 
Trichomes of R. x damascena ‘bifera’ have non-branched and short stalks...R. x centifolia trichomes resemble those of R. x damascena ‘bifera’. One difference is that they seem to have redder head-cells (Fig.): they are highly branched (Fig.) and may be very long (Fig.).
.....R. x centifolia and R. x damascena cultivars are both in the section Gallicanae and genetically related.....Thus, these cultivars could have preserved some traits of their common ancestor, R. gallica. Indeed, these species have the same kind of glandular trichomes on leaves and sepals and nearly the same VOCs in sepals.

Article (magazine)  (2004)  
 
The control of rhythmic emission of floral volatiles emitted from Rosa damascena semperflorens cv. `Quatre Saisons' throughout floral development under various light regimes was studied. 2-Phenylethanol was the major volatile emitted in addition to monoterpenols, oxidised monoterpenols, monoterpenes and aromatic compounds. All detected volatiles were emitted rhythmically, with maximum peaks coinciding 8–10 h into a 12-h photoperiod. For some compounds a secondary, nocturnal peak was apparent. The primary and secondary maxima both occurred at approximately 24-h intervals. Rhythms appeared to be regulated endogenously: rhythmic emission continued upon exposure to continuous light or continuous darkness, and a phase shift in emission was induced upon inversion of the photoperiod. Additionally, emission continued after flower excision. A similar profile of free volatiles was stored within the floral tissue, together with glycosidic forms of 2-phenylethanol (>99% β-d-glucoside), benzyl alcohol, citronellol and geraniol.

Book  (2002)  Page(s) 22.  
 
Autumn Damask before 1867. Rated 8.2

Book  (Apr 1999)  Page(s) 151.  
 
Tous-Mois Damask Perpetual.

Book  (Mar 1999)  Page(s) 23.  Includes photo(s).

Book  (Nov 1998)  Page(s) 25.  
 
Quatre Saisons Damask. Description. Flowers repeatedly. Flowers: pink, fragrant...

Book  (Sep 1997)  Page(s) 32.  Includes photo(s).

Website / Catalog  (1997)  Page(s) 16.  Includes photo(s).

Book  (1997)  Page(s) 173.  Includes photo(s).
 
Quatre Saisons (R. damascena bifera, 'Autumn Damask') Damask. Middle East, extremely ancient. Thought to be R. gallica x R. moschata. Description and cultivation.. flowers: pink...