Book  (Apr 1993)  Page(s) 354.  
 
Noisette (OGR), medium yellow, 1864, Said to be a 'Chromatella' seedling; Pradel. Bud long, pointed; flowers golden yellow, double, large blooms on weak stems; very fragrant; foliage rich green; very vigorous, climbing growth.

Book  (Feb 1993)  Page(s) 99.  Includes photo(s).

Book  (1993)  Page(s) 143.  Includes photo(s).
 
A slightly tender Tea-Noisette, very popular in Victorian conservatories. Pradel (France) 1864. A seedling from 'Cloth of Gold'.

Book  (1993)  Page(s) 103.  
 
Marechal Neil [The author presents a lot of information about this rose, here are some excerpts:] 'Marechal Neil', the most famous of all great climbing roses in American history, needs sun and warmth... It was said to have a short life even in warm climates, but I have seen it grown for many years in the garden of Ralph Moore in Visalia, in central California... named for a gentlemen who who had presided at the opening of a botanical garden in the vicinity of Montauban around 1863...

Book  (Jun 1992)  Page(s) 217.  
 
Maréchal Niel Pradel, 1864. Noisette. Seedling of 'Isabella Gray' [itself a seedling of 'Chromatella'] [Author cites information from many different sources. According to Nicolas' Rose Manual, it was Named after a French general, Minister of War of Napoleon III.]

Article (magazine)  (1988)  Page(s) 25.  
 
[Colour description according to the CIELAB colour space (petal inside): L* = Lightness, a* = red-green axis, b* = yellow-blue axis]
'Maréchal Niel' (golden-yellow), L* 87-88, a* -10 to -8, b* 40-52

...The very much lighter Yellow of 'Maréchal Niel'...is well evident from the lower +b* values for Yellow saturation.

Article (magazine)  (1988)  Page(s) 61-62.  Includes photo(s).
 
The tender yellow blooms of the famous climber 'Maréchal Niel' show a very similar composition [to Gloire de Dijon]. They are therefore almost pure yellow, as the concentration of the anthocyanides Cyanine and Chrysanthemine is so low as not to be discernable by eye. The carotenoid content is moderate with 24 mg%. The mixture again has relatively much of the colourless pre-stages [of carotenoids] with traces of Lycopin; but not less than 30% of the total carotenoids consist of the reduction products of Lycopin, which we have mentioned already with 'Gloire de Dijon'. It is quite sensitive and pales strongly, especially in direct light.

Book  (1988)  Page(s) 78.  Includes photo(s).

Website/Catalog  (1982)  Page(s) 24.  
 
Marechal Niel (Noisette) Fragrant golden-yellow flowers emerging from shapely, pointed buds. Highly scented. Needs a greenhouse or a warm, sheltered position to thrive. 1864. (R) 10 x 6’.

Book  (1978)  Page(s) 58.  
 
 Maréchal Niel......It really needed glass, if in a frosty climate, because it was one of the earliest roses to grow in the spring; so early that the normal pruning time was likely to be too late, and it could scarcely hope to escape all the frosts.  If those first shoots were lost, no flowers for that season; but if they safely grew, 'Maréchal Niel' flowered almost as freely in the autumn as in the summer.  It is becoming a beautiful memory, with its lovely colour, its scent, its clear smooth foliage.  From Henry Pradel, Lyon in 1864.  The parentage is unfortunately a matter of speculation.