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'Marchesa Boccella' rose References
Book  (1997)  Page(s) 176, 177.  Includes photo(s).
 
Page 176: [PHOTO]
Page 177: Jacques Cartier Portland. Moreau-Robert (France) 1868. Description and cultivation... flowers: deep pink fading towards the edges to soft pink. [Beales note:] 'Jacques Cartier' is grown and sold as 'Marquise Boccella' in the USA but he has yet to be convinced that the European cultivar is incorrect...
Book  (1996)  
 
[From "Marchesa Boccella vs Jacques Cartier", by Dr. Charles A. Walker, Jr.]
For many years, the same rose has been sold, grown, and exhibited as both Marquise Boçella (1842) and Jacques Cartier (1868). It has been the subject of much discussion in ARS circles, since the former rose is eligible for the ARS Dowager Queen award, while the latter is not. Given this confusion, many growers and exhibitors have understandably asked, "Why does this rose have two names, and which one is the right one?" The following notes are in response to the editor's request for clarification on this matter.....
In modern times these two names have been published in rose catalogs and elsewhere in ways intended to convey to prospective growers that the same rose is being sold under both. However helpful this has been, it has also left the impression that the roses were originally synonymous, but the literature available to date has not revealed any evidence that they were. No hint is given that Jacques Cartier might have been a renamed reintroduction of Marchesa Boccella. Instead, the records provide a basis for arguing that they were distinct.
Writing in 1848 ..... British nurseryman William Paul seems to have regarded Marchesa Boccella quite favorably ("beautiful, very sweet"), yet 15 years later (1863) he was less complimentary ("second rate"). His change in attitude undoubtedly reflects evolving rose fashion and not a change in this particular rose. Thus, if in 1863 Marchesa Boccella was already going out of style, it does not seem reasonable that a nurseryman would have had anything to gain by reintroducing it as a new rose in 1868. Furthermore, such a reintroduction would likely have been detected and commented upon. ...
It is informative to examine the classes to which these two roses have been assigned over the years. The currently grown rose has a prominent characteristic of the portland class - a very short peduncle which forces the flower down onto the uppermost leaves. This may contribute to its current popularity for exhibition, since its flower is attractively framed by foliage. It has been argued that since this rose has this portland trait, Jacques Cartier (classed as a portland) is more likely to be its true name than Marchesa Boccella, which was classed as a hybrid perpetual. However, Table I shows that those French sources that specified a class (1851 and 1855) considered Marchesa. Boccella (a French origination) as a portland or hybrid portland, while the English-speaking authors dubbed it a hybrid perpetual or remontant (although the latter term was used by some to encompass what we now call portlands). In sharp contrast, Table 2 shows that Jacques Cartier was classed as a hybrid perpetual or hybrid remontant until 1906, when Simon & Cochet changed its classification from hybrid remontant to portland. The reason for this change is not known; no earlier classification of it as a portland has yet been found. Could the confusion between Marchesa Boccella and Jacques Cartier have already taken place by 1906? It is clear from its 1855 illustration that Marchesa Boccella had the characteristic portland appearance, and it was specifically described as such in that year....
Marchesa Boccella was variously seen as pale blush, pale rose, delicate pink, pale silvery blush, pale pink, flesh- or carnation-colored, flesh-rose, and creamy white, flesh-colored rose with a rosy blush center. Jacques Cartier (mentioned by far fewer authors) was deemed clear (or light or bright) rose ( (or pink), with a deeper center. However, considering these ambiguities, both roses could well be described using the same color - light pink. Given the difference that climate and culture can produce in the color of a rose and that human subjectivity can give to color description, I do not see how these historical records can provide an objective separation of the two roses based on color....
Perhaps the strongest evidence against Jacques Cartier is the argument derived from Paul's change in attitude toward Marchesa Boccella, presented above (i.e., the implausibility of an old-style rose being newly introduced in 1868, hence the improbability of Jacques Cartier as its true name). Additional evidence is the mention (1936) that the petals of Jacques Cartier have white undersides, a trait apparently absent in the rose currently bearing this name. On the other side of the scale, strong evidence in favor of Marchesa Boccella is exhibited by the illustration in Choix des Plus Belles Roses. Both this and its accompanying detailed description show remarkable similarity to the rose now grown. It is difficult to imagine an illustration or substantial description of Jacques Cartier (none of which has yet surfaced) that would fit the rose better; in fact, the argument against the newly introduced old-style rose also argues against the existence of such an illustration. Therefore, on balance, the information found in the literature so far points to Marchesa Boccella as the more likely name for the rose grown today.
 
Book  (1995)  Page(s) 19.  Includes photo(s).
Book  (Nov 1994)  
 
p45. 'Jacques Cartier'. Moreau-Robert, France, 1868. Compact and erect habit with plenty of light-green leaves, the terminal leaflet exceptionally long and narrow. Sepals often pronouncedly foliaceous. Flowers very full, quartered and with button eyes. Very fragrant. 5 feet.
This rose has been, and still is, confused with 'Marquise Bocella' of 1842. However, since this is described as "very pale," "flesh coloured," and a dwarf grower, I feel confident that 'Jacques Cartier' is the correct name.
Gibson, Plate 17.
Thomas, 1991, pages 130, 131
Book  (1994)  Page(s) 63.  
 
David Ruston.  A Tour of French and German Rose Gardens - June 1993. 
At Sangerhausen..... and to add to the confusion we couldn't tell the difference between 'Jacques Cartier', 'Marquise Bocella' and 'Robert Perpetual'.
Book  (Nov 1993)  Page(s) 28.  
 
Jacques Cartier One of the best known Portland roses bred in France in the 1860s
Book  (Sep 1993)  Page(s) 226.  Includes photo(s).
 
Jacques Cartier ('Marquise Boccella') [Macoboy says it's a Portland.] It seems that the great French explorer is to be dethroned. Someone has decided that the rose which we have all been admiring under his name is not the 1868 Moreau & Robert introduction, but an 1842 introduction from Desprez of Angers called 'Marquise Boccella'... the autumn blooms are especially abundant. Parentage: 'Baronne Prévost' x 'Portland Rose'.
Book  (Apr 1993)  Page(s) 265.  
 
[Listed under 'Jacques Cartier'] Portland (OGR), light pink, 1868, Moreau-Robert. Flowers clear rose, center darker. Due to confused labeling, the rose now grown as 'Jacques Cartier' must be exhibited as 'Marchesa Boccella' in American Rose Society rose shows.
Book  (Apr 1993)  Page(s) 265.  
 
Jacques Cartier Portland, clear rose, center darker, 1868, Moreau-Robert. Description. Due to confused labeling, the rose now grown as 'Jacques Cartier' must be exhibited as 'Marchesa Boccella' in American Rose Society rose shows.
Book  (Apr 1993)  Page(s) 353.  
 
Hybrid Perpetual (OGR), light pink, 1842, ('Marquise Boccella'; 'Marquise Boçella'); Desprez. Flowers delicate pink, edges almost blush, full, compact, large; petals smaller but more numerous than othe rHybrid Perpetuals; flower stems stiff, erect; dwarf, robust habit.
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