Article (magazine)  (2005)  Page(s) 453.  
 
Hybrids between R. rugosa and many species with irregular meiosis have been synthesized. Many of the hybrids have been named and grown for ornament (extensive overviews are given by Rehder 1949; Sokolov 1954; Bean 1980; Verrier 1991; Dickerson 1999; Spethmann & Feuerhahn 2003). Two synthetic hybrids have been found as escapes from cultivation, viz. a hybrid with R. majalis Herrm. (= R. × majorugosa Palmén & Hämet-Ahti) in Finland and European Russia (Palmén et al. 1995; Buzunova 2001), and one with R. nitida Willd. (= R. × rugotida Darthuis) in Sweden (Bertilsson et al. 2002). Rosa rugosa × multiflora has been reported as an escape in Germany (Mang 1985). The hybrids have probably escaped through dumping of garden refuse as they are generally unable to produce viable seeds.