(1 Jun 2015)  Page(s) 282.  
 
The two arid-adapted subgenera (R. subgen. Hulthemia and Hesperhodos) are suggested as closely related despite low clade support, a relationship previously suggested by Wissemann and Ritz (2005).

(1 Jun 2015)  Page(s) 285.  
 
The only sub-Saharan species of the genus Rosa, R. abyssinica, is resolved by chloroplast data as embedded in the Cinnamomeae clade but clearly shows the synstyly consistent with R. sect. Synstylae. The nuclear GAPDH sequences resolve this species as closely related to R. gallica (R. sect. Rosa) and European species of R. sect. Synstylae, suggesting a hybrid origin.

(1 Jun 2015)  
 
In the genus Rosa, hybridity is often accompanied by polyploidy and it may have helped stabilize hybrids between distantly related species of the genus. Polyploidy may also have favoured the rate of diversification (R. sect. Caninae), an increase in the geographic range (R. acicularis, R. spinosissima) and the colonization of high-altitude habitats (R. praelucens) or of high latitudes (R. acicularis).

(1 Jun 2015)  Page(s) 285.  
 
Some diploid species (R. farreri Cox and R. koreana Kom.) that were previously included in R. sect. Pimpinellifoliae but are resolved in the Cinnamomeae clade are morphologically distinct from other members of the section by having bracts and sometimes pink or red flowers. These distinct species seem to be genetically close to R. sect. Cinnamomeae as suggested by the GAPDH analyses and should probably be transferred to R. sect. Cinnamomeae, as noted in the taxonomic revision by Roberts (1977).

(1 Jun 2015)  Page(s) 285.  
 
Some diploid species (R. farreri Cox and R. koreana Kom.) that were previously included in R. sect. Pimpinellifoliae but are resolved in the Cinnamomeae clade are morphologically distinct from other members of the section by having bracts and sometimes pink or red flowers. These distinct species seem to be genetically close to R. sect. Cinnamomeae as suggested by the GAPDH analyses and should probably be transferred to R. sect. Cinnamomeae, as noted in the taxonomic revision by Roberts (1977).

(1 Jun 2015)  Page(s) 282.  
 
Rosa subgen. Platyrhodon (R. roxburghii and R. praelucens Bijh.) is not resolved as monophyletic in our plastid analyses. While R. roxburghii is resolved as an independent lineage in both our plastid and nuclear analyses, R. praelucens is supported as a member of the Cinnamomeae clade in our plastid analyses. We consider the diploid R. roxburghii as a typical member of R. subgen. Platyrhodon. However, because allopolyploids have often been reported in the genus (Joly and Bruneau, 2006; Joly et al., 2006; Mercure and Bruneau, 2008; Schanzer and Kutlunina, 2010), we suspect that the decaploid R. praelucens (Jian et al., 2010) is an allopolyploid resulting from a hybridization event (or multiple hybridization events) involving the diploid R. roxburghii and at least one member of the Cinnamomeae clade. Based on karyomorphology, Jian et al. (2010) also suggested that R. praelucens is of allopolyploid origin, and a study in progress using GAPDH sequences supports the same conclusion (X. F. Gao, Chengdu Institute of Biology, CAS, Chengdu, China, pers. commun.).
....In the genus Rosa, hybridity is often accompanied by polyploidy and it may have helped stabilize hybrids between distantly related species of the genus. Polyploidy may also have favoured the rate of diversification (R. sect. Caninae), an increase in the geographic range (R. acicularis, R. spinosissima) and the colonization of high-altitude habitats (R. praelucens) or of high latitudes (R. acicularis).
 

(1 Jun 2015)  Page(s) 282.  
 
Rosa subgen. Platyrhodon (R. roxburghii and R. praelucens Bijh.) is not resolved as monophyletic in our plastid analyses. While R. roxburghii is resolved as an independent lineage in both our plastid and nuclear analyses, R. praelucens is supported as a member of the Cinnamomeae clade in our plastid analyses. We consider the diploid R. roxburghii as a typical member of R. subgen. Platyrhodon