[From
The Rose Garden, by William Paul, pp. 344-355:
Paul wrote this in 1910]
Root shoots or
Surculi are the strong one-year old shoots produced from the base of the plant; these do not usually bear any blossoms, except on their lateral branches, which are most commonly produced during the second season.
Branches are the ramifications of either the root-shoots or the principal stems.
Branchlets are the small lateral shoots produced in some instances from the stronger shoots of the same season's growth.
Arms indicate the armature of the stems and branches, that is to say, the rigid processes borne on their surface. The term
armed is used when prickles and setae are born indiscriminately: while
unarmed is used to denote smoothness, or the absence of prickles and setae.
Prickles or
Aculei are the sharp rigid processes which occur on most of the species; in some they are straight, and in others more or less hooked; they vary much in size as well as in form and colour.
Setae a small straight prickles or aculei, tipped with a gland, and are known from true glands by their rigidity. They are believed to exist upon the root-shoots at some period in all the species, becoming soon changed into bristle-like aculei by the loss of the gland. In general they are deciduous.
Glands are secretory bodies, for the most part attached to leaves on their under-surface, and better distinguished from setae by their scent than anything else. The well-known appearance of the Moss Rose is caused by glands in a peculiar condition.
