(2001)  Page(s) 450-451.  
 
Rosa roxburghii Tratt., Rosac. Monog. 2 (1823) 233.
Rosa microphylla Roxb. ex Lindl., Ros. monog. 9 (1820) 146; Saintpierrea microphylla Germain de St. Pierre in J. de Ros. 2 (1878) 39; R. forresttii Focke in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 5 (1911) 67, t. 62; R. hirtula Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 34 (1920) 44; Platyrhodon microphylla Hurst in Verh. V. Internat. Kongr. Vererbungswiss. Berlin (1927) 902.
Small-leaved Chinese rose; Japanese sansho-ibara.
China, Japan.
In some regions of Java cultivated, the young shoots and leaves are eaten as a vegetable ("lablab").
Ref.: Becker & Van den Brink 1, 1963; Ohwi 1965, 1067 pp.

(2001)  Page(s) 444.  
 
Rosa rubiginosa L., Mant. Pl. 2, App. (1771) 564.
Rosa eglanteria L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 491, nom. ambig., non L. (1760); R. suavifolia Lightf., Fl. scot. 1 (1777) 262; R. rubiginosa vulgaris Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. (1809) 546; R. walpoleana Greene, Leafl. bot. observ. 2 (1912) 264.
Eglantine, sweet brier; German Weinrose; French rosier rouillé; Italian rosa robiginosa, rosa balsaminina, Spanish eglantina roja; Russian roza eglanterija.
Europe, Asia Minor, Cauvcasus to W Asia; naturalized in North America.

(2001)  Page(s) 442.  
 
Rosa sericea Lindl., Ros. monogr. (1820) 105, t. 12, flor. per error. pentapetalis.
Rosa wallichii Tratt., Rosac. Monogr. 2 (1823) 293; R. tetrapetala Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. (1835) 208, t. 42.
Chapala, durkunja (India, Kumaon).
India, China.
In India cultivated as hedge, the fruits are used, too.
Ref.: Wealth of India 9, 1972.

(2001)  Page(s) 441.  
 
Rosa spinosissima L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 491, p.p. typ.
Rosa pimpinellifolia L., Syst. nat. ed. 10, 2 (1759) 1062; R. pulchella Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allert (1796) 358; R. altaica Willd., Enum. pl. hort. Berol. (1809) 543; R. sibirica Tratt., Monogr. 2 (1823) 230; R. illinoiensis Baker ex Willmott, Gen. Rosa 2 (1911) 243.
Scottish rose, burnet rose; German Dünenrose, Bibernellrose; French rose des arêtes, rose des dunbes, rosier pimprenelle; Russian roza koljučejšaja.
Europe to W Asia and Siberia, NE to NW China.
In Europe locally planted on coasts for stabilizing sandy dunes and for preventing erosion.
In the Caucasus dried flowers and fruits are used as tea substitute. In Europe cultivated since the 16th cent.
Ref.: Ehlers 1960, 278 pp.; Hegi IV (2), 1923; Komarov 10, 1941.

(2001)  Page(s) 444.  
 
Rosa villosa L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 704.
Rosa pomifera Herrm., De Rosa (1762) 16; R. hispida hort. ex Poir., Encycl. 6 (1804) 286; R. villosa γ pomifera Desv. in J. Bot. 2 (1813) 117.
Downy rose; German Apfelrose; Weichhaarige rose; French rosier pommifére, rose pommier; Spanish rosal vellosos; Russian roza jabločnaja.
Central and N Europe, European Russia, Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Asia Minor.
Within this area cultivated for the fruits. In Slovakia the cultivar 'Karpatia' is grown, in Central Germany only cultivation trials. Cultivated as hedges for wind protection, locally also as an ornamental shrub.
Ref.: Albrecht 1993, 191 pp.; Hegi IV (2), 1923; Scheerer & Dapper 1980, 136 pp.; Vul'f & Maleeva 1969, 566 pp.

(2001)  Page(s) 448.  
 
Rosa webbiana Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. 208 (1835) t. 42, fig. 2.
Hindi sikanda.
Middle Asia, Himalaya, Tibet, Mongolia.
The species was used in the former Soviet Union for breeding purposes. As fruit cultivars have been released: 'Voroncovskij' (R webbiana-selection) and 'Bezshipnyj' (R. webbiana x R. rugosa L.).
Ref.: Albrecht 1993, 161 pp.; Friedrich & Schuricht 1989, 322 pp.

(2001)  Page(s) 444.  
 
Rosa x alba L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 492.
Rosa usitatissima Gaterau, Descr. pl. Montauban (1789) 94; R. proocera Salisb., Prodr. (1796) 359; R. alba α vulgaris Seringe ex DC., Prodr. 2 (1825) 622; R. gallica x dumetorum A II. alba Keller in Asch. & Graebn., Syn. mitteleur. Fl. 6, 1 (1902) 284; R. incarnata Mill., Gard. dict. ed. 8 (1768) no. 19.
Probably a hybrid between R. canina L. x R. damascena Mill.
White cottage rose, German Weisse Rose; French rose blanche; Italian rosa bianca; Russian roza belaja kazanlykskaja; Chinese bai qiang wei; Hindi gulab, swet; Korean hinkkothyangjangmi.
Area of origin unknown.
Cultivated in S France, Bularia (here the cultivar 'Semiplena'), Turkey, Crimea, India and North Korea for the use of flowers.
The produced oil is less precious than that of R. damascena, but the plants are more resistant to weather calamities. In India flowers and fruits are drugs. In Java the young tips of the shoots are eaten as a vegetable ("lablab") together with rice.
Cultivation in Europe possibly since the Roman era.
Ref.: Gildemeister & Hoffmann 5, 1959; Hammer et al. 1987, 323; Krüssmann 3, 1978; Wealth of India 9, 1972; Widrlechner 1981, 42.

(2001)  Page(s) 442-443.  
 
Rosa x centifolia L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 491.
Rosa centifolia α vulgaris Seringe ex DC., Prodr. 2 (1825) 619; R. gallica β centifolia Regel in Acta Hort. Petrop. 5 (1878) 254.
Complex hybrid under participation of R. gallica, R. moschata, R. canina and R. damascena.
Cabbage rose, Provence rose; German Zentifolia, Mairose; French rose à cent feuilles, rose de mai; Russian roza stolistaja; Hindi patti gulab; Sanskrit devataruni; Korean pulgûnkkothyangjangmi.
Wild area probably in Caucasus, N Iran to Turkey.
In some Mediterranean countries (Morocco, France and Italy) and in India, China and recently in North Korea cultivated for its flowers. Extracts used for expensive perfumes, cosmetics and luxurious foodstuffs. Petals for preparing jam. Flowers, roots and leaves in India and southern Africa are a drug.
Rosa x centifolia is one of the progenitors of the European multipetalous garden roses.
Ref.:Gildemeister & Hoffmann 5, 1959; Hammer et al. 1987, 323; Hegi IV (2), 1923; Krüssmann 3, 1978; Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, 1457 pp.; Wealth of India 9, 1972.

(2001)  Page(s) 450.  
 
Rosa x borboniana Desp., Ros. Gall. (1828) 106.
Rosa canina borboniana Thory ex Redouté, Roses 3 (1824) 105; R. borbonica L. Chaix in Fl. des serr. 7 (1851) 77.
R. x borboniana is a hybrid: R. chinensis Jacq. x R. damascena Mill.
Edward rose; German Bourbon-Rose; Hindi cheeniagulab, desigulab, baramasi.
For the use of flowers cultivated in India (Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Bengal, Mysore).
Ref.: Singh 1970, 175; Singh & Deolia 1963, 76; Singh et al. 1963, 451 pp.; Wealth of India 9, 1972.