Almanac 8: Roses for August

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August 1
BIRTHS: 10 BC: Roman emperor Claudius. Claudius' family didn't consider him to be emperor material. He was a sickly boy and they mistook his disabilities as a sign of mental weakness. They hid him from public view. He was more or less pushed onto the throne when emperor Gaius (Caligula), his nephew, was assassinated. His second wife, Agrippina, was the mother of the future emperor Nero and she promoted her son with a vengeance. Once it was established that Nero would be Claudius' successor, Claudius was poisoned and on the same day that he died, 13 October 54, the sixteen-year-old Nero was declared emperor. Now, while Claudius may not have had a rose named for him, his second wife and her son did. 'Agrippina', better known as 'Cramoisi Supérieur', is a red China that Coquerel introduced in1832. 'Néron' (or 'Nero') is a red Gallica that was introduced by Laffay in 1841.; 1779: Francis Scott Key in Carroll County, Maryland. He died 11 January 1843 in Baltimore, Maryland, and is buried at the Olivet Cemetery in Frederick. During the War of 1812, the British entered Chesapeake Bay and invaded Washington. They set fire to the Capitol and the White House. In the days following the attack on Washington, the American forces prepared for an assault on Baltimore. Francis Scott Key learned that the British were holding an elderly and much loved town physician, Dr. William Beanes on the British flagship Tonnant. Key boarded the Tonnant to arrange Dr. Beanes' release. The British would not release them immediatelyand they were placed under guard and forced to wait out the battle behind the British fleet. They watched the battle with apprehension, knowing that as long as the shelling continued, Fort McHenry had not surrendered. In the predawn darkness, Key waited for the sight of the fort's flag. When at last daylight came, the flag was still there! Key began to write on the back of a letter he had in his pocket. Sailing back to Baltimore he composed more lines and in his lodgings at the Indian Queen Hotel he finished a poem. Judge J. H. Nicholson, his brother-in-law, took it to a printer and copies were circulated around Baltimore under the title "Defence of Fort M'Henry". Two of these copies survive. It was printed in a newspaper for the first time in the Baltimore Patriot on 20 September 1814, then in papers as far away as Georgia and New Hampshire. In October, a Baltimore actor sang Key's new song in a public performance and called it "The Star-Spangled Banner". It was finally adopted as America's national anthem on 3 March 1931. The flag that was still there went on view on 1 January 1876 at the Old State House in Philadelphia for the nations' Centennial celebration. It now resides in the Smithsonian Institution's Museum of American History. An opaque curtain shields the now fragile flag from light and dust. The flag is exposed for viewing for a few moments once every hour during museum hours. One hundred years later, John Cook introduced 'Francis Scott Key', a pink Hybrid Tea. Cook also lived in Baltimore and a rose garden was planted there in his honor.
HISTORY: 1794: The Whisky Rebellion began. A group of farmers in Pennsylvania protested a federal tax on distilled liquor. The farmers attacked and even tarred and feathered a few of the tax collectors. About 500 armed men attacked and burned the home of General John Neville, regional inspector of the excise. The federal government saw this as an a act of defiance by the locals and President Washington sent in 13,000 troops. The rebellion was subdued and was viewed as a success by the Federalists. About one hundred and fifty years later, Tantau introduced a whisky-colored Hybrid Tea called 'Whisky Mac'. It has been described as the triumph of beauty over commonsense. It's not the easiest rose to grow, but it is beautiful.; 1876: The State of Colorado was admitted to the Union. 'Colorado'; 1960: Chubby Checker released a record called The Twist. It quickly became a worldwide dance phenomenon. You can design an entire garden around roses with the word "twist" in their names. For instance, there's a relatively new striped Climbing Miniature from Ralph Moore called 'Twister™'. And 'Apricot Twist', 'Tropical Twist', 'Tangerine Twist', and on and on.

August 2
EUROPEAN UNION ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1996: AUSbloom ('The Dark Lady'); AUScent ('John Clare'); AUScomp ('Happy Child'); AUSdir ('Tradescant'); AUSglisten ('Cottage Rose'); AUSgold ('Golden Celebration'); AUSlevel ('Glamis Castle'); AUSmol ('Molineux'); AUSpale ('Redouté'); AUSpoly ('Charlotte'; 'Elgin Festival')
BIRTHS: 1820: John Tyndall, a British professor who figured out that the diffusion of the Sun's rays by molecules in the atmosphere makes the sky look blue. This is called the Tyndall effect. 'Blue Skies', a mauve Hybrid Tea from Dr. Griffith Buck, is the closest to blue that Sean McCann, for one, has ever seen.; 1932: Actor Peter O'Toole in Ireland. (His films include: Lord Jim, Beckett, Lawrence of Arabia.) Heirloom Old Garden Roses calls Harkness Roses' apricot Floribunda of 1988 'Lawrence of Arabia'. It's also called 'English Sonnet' in the States and 'Samaritan' elsewhere.
DEATHS: 1876: Wild Bill Hickok, shot dead (from behind) by Jack McCall while playing poker. He held a pair of Aces and a pair of Eights. 'Wild West'

August 3
NEW ZEALAND ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1987: MACnauru ('West Coast®'); 1900: Biology teacher, John Scopes, who asked the question: Did mankind evolve from the apes, or are we all descendents of Adam and Eve? And, whatever you believe, do children have the right to learn the theory of evolution in school? In 1925, he was brought to trial for teaching evolution to high-school students. At the famous "monkey trial", Scopes was defended by the well-known lawyer Clarence Darrow. They actually lost, but the verdict was reversed on a technicality. There's 'Adam', said to be the first Tea rose, and 'Eve'.
DEATHS
HISTORY: 1492: Christopher Columbus set sail from Spain on a voyage that eventually took him to America. There are a number of roses named for this explorer. Meilland's 'Christopher Columbus' of 1992 is also known as 'Christophe Colombe', 'Christoph Columbus', 'Cristoforo Colombo', and 'Cristobal Colon', depending on what part of the world you're in. Poulsen's 'Christopher Columbus', was named to mark the 500th anniversary of Columbus' landfall. Dominico Aicardi named his last rose 'Cristoforo Colombo'.; 1923: Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as the 30th president of the United States. 'Mrs. Calvin Coolidge' was introduced the year after. 'President Coolidge' was introduced the year after that.; 1958: The nuclear-powered submarine USS Nautilus became the first vessel to cross the North Pole under water. A couple of years later, de Ruiter introduced a coral-salmon Floribunda named 'Nautilus'.

August 4
NEW ZEALAND ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1989: MAClapaz ('Beachcomber'); MACsingap ('Cup Final'); MACseatri ('Happy Days')
BIRTHS: 1900: The Queen Mother. Sam McGredy's 'Elizabeth of Glamis' was named to honor The Queen Mother. It's won all sorts of awards around the world. It is also the first rose to be granted copyright protection in Great Britain. David Austin's 'Glamis Castle' is named for the Scottish seat of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne -- a royal residence since 1372, the childhood home of HM Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, the birthplace of HRH The Princess Margaret, and the setting for Shakespeare's Macbeth. In 1944, Kordes introduced 'Queen Mother' -- also known as 'August Seebauer'. It is a pink Floribunda. In 1991, Kordes introduced a second pink Floribunda called 'Queen Mother' (or 'Queen Mum') which honors the Queen Mother on her 90th birthday and benefits the Royal United Kingdom Beneficent Association, of which she is Royal Patron.

August 5
NEW ZEALAND ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1986: 'Love' (JACtwin); 'Anita Charles™' (MORnita); 1996: 'Sunflare' (JACjem)
BIRTHS: 1850: Guy de Maupassant in Dieppe, France. He is known as the greatest French short story writer, and was taken under his wing by the novelist Gustave Flaubert, a friend of Maupassant's mother. In the 1880s Moupassant wrote 300 short stories, six novels, travel books, verse, and journalism. 'Guy de Maupassant'

August 6
BIRTHS: 1861: Edith Kermit Carow, second wife of Theodore Roosevelt, in Connecticut. She married Roosevelt in London on 2 December 1886. She died on 30 September 1948 in Oyster Bay, New York, and was buried there. Upon the death of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt took the Oath of Office on 14 September 1901, at the age of 42 he was the youngest man to do so. 'Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt'
DEATHS: 1980: Italian sculptor Marino Marini, in Viareggio, Italy. 'Marina Marini' is named for the wife of the famous Italian sculptor, Marino Marini (1901-1980). It is a dark velvety red.
HISTORY: 1945: At 8:15 a.m., an American B-29 dropped the first atomic bomb, nicknamed "Little Boy," on Hiroshima, Japan. It went off about 1,800 feet above ground and instantly killed around 105, 000 people; another 100,000 died later from radiation burns and poisoning. 'Atombombe'

August 7
US ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1951: 'Distinct'
HISTORY: 1782: The Purple Heart was first awarded. General Washington honored three wounded soldiers with the Badge of Military Merit, or Purple Heart. After the Revolutionary War it was discontinued, but in 1932 it was revived. Originally it was a purple, heart-shaped silk badge. Now it is a purple enamel medal with a gold border; in the center it has a relief bust of Washington. In 1946, Ralph Moore introduced a Hybrid Tea named 'Purple Heart'. Just recently, Tom Carruth introduced a Floribunda called 'Purple Heart'.

August 8
NEW ZEALAND ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1989: MACwaiwer ('Tara Allison'). This rose is named for Tara Allison Justice and was introduced in the United States by Justice Miniature Roses.

August 9
US ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1949: 'San Gabriel'; 'San Luis Rey'; DEATHS
HISTORY: 1936: Jesse Owens showed up Hitler at the Olympic Games in Berlin. Hitler had wanted to show the world the superiority of the Aryan race, represented by his German athletes. But Jesse deprived him of that opportunity, and became an American hero by winning four gold medals in track and field events. Gordon Kirkham's pink Floribunda called 'Owens Pride' was the prize for the Children in Need charity.

August 10
BIRTHS: 1874: Herbert Clark Hoover, 31st president of the United States, in West Branch, Iowa. President Herbert Hoover was inaugurated on March 4, 1929. He died on 20 October 1964 in New York City. The year he was elected, Coddington introduced 'Mrs. Herbert Hoover'. The year following his election, Coddington introduced 'President Herbert Hoover'. (Ladies before gentlemen.) 'President Herbert Hoover' proved to be an important parent of later roses.
HISTORY: 1821: Missouri was admitted to the Union as the 24th state. The state was named for the Indians who originally lived there. 'Pearle's Little Missouri Rose'; 1990: The Magellan spacecraft landed on Venus and showed the planet in the best detail ever seen. Scientists learned that Venus may be only 400 million years old, has large meteor craters, and may have active volcanoes. 'Touch of Venus' is a white Hybrid Tea that is most likely to be found in Australia. In 1922, Bees' pink Hybrid Tea called 'Venus' won a Gold Medal from the Royal National Rose Society. There are a number of other roses called 'Venus'.

August 11
HISTORY: 1989: Voyager 2 revealed that Neptune has partial rings. During 1989, six satellites and several rings around the planet were discovered by Voyager 2. 'Voyager'

August 12
US ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1997: MEIroupis ('Colette')
HISTORY: 1939: The Wizard of Oz premiered at a theater in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. Virtually nobody in the national press noticed, so the so-called official premiere was held three days later at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywood. 'Oz Gold'; 1936: Marjorie Gestring became the youngest person ever to win an Olympic gold medal. She won the gold medal in diving when she was only 13 years old. 'Gold Medal' has been described as one of the best American-produced roses of the 80s. One of the best yellow roses, 'Gold Medal' is still widely sold and grown today.

August 13
BIRTHS: 1899: Director Alfred Hitchock in London, England. He went to school to become an engineer, but got a job in 1920 with a London film company writing out titles. He got his first shot at directing in 1925 and later moved to Hollywood. Within a year his film Rebecca had won an Oscar for best picture. Not too long after that, another Englishman, Rev. Joseph Pemberton -- the man who brought us Hybrid Musks, introduced a pink Hybrid Tea called 'Rebecca'.
HISTORY: 1942: Disney's animated feature Bambi premiered. In 1962, two roses by this name were introduced. Both are Floribundas. Watkin's bright pink 'Bambi' and Von Abrams' light apricot-pink 'Bambi'.

August 15
BIRTHS: 1769: Napoléon in Corsica. He was crowned Emperor on 18 May 1804 and died on 5 May 1821 on St. Helena. A few years after his death, one his most ardent admirers, Jean-Pierre Vibert introduced 'Châpeau de Napoléon', a mossed sport of the 'Common Centifolia'. The fringed and mossy sepals project from the buds in such a way that they resemble little three-cornered hats like the French tricorne that Napoleon often wore.; 1771: Sir Walter Scott in Edinburgh, Scotland 1771. He wrote the first historical novels, books like Rob Roy, Ivanhoe, and The Talisman, most of them set in England or Scotland, and published in the 1820s. Many of the Penzance hybrids bear the names of characters in the novels of Sir Walter Scott.; 1888: Author Thomas Edward Lawrence. He fought on the side of the Arabs during World War I, and became known as Lawrence of Arabia. He published his account of the Arab Revolt in Seven Pillars of Wisdom. Later, Revolt in the Desert came out; it was thought of as the last great romantic war book, and Winston Churchill called it one of the best books written in the English language. Lawrence died in a motorcycle accident near his home in Dorset, 1935. Heirloom Old Garden Roses calls Harkness Roses' apricot Floribunda of 1988 'Lawrence of Arabia'. It's also called 'English Sonnet' in the States and 'Samaritan' elsewhere.
HISTORY: 1914: Official grand opening of The Panama Canal took place with the Canal cement boat Ancon, piloted by Captain John A. Constantine, the Canal’s first pilot. Originally planned as a gala event, the festivities were considerably toned down because of World War I. 'Panama'; 1969: Woodstock started. It was the three-day music festival for hippies and flower children at Yasgur's Farm near Bethel, New York. About 450,000 people attended. The following year, Kordes' introduced a bright orange-red Floribunda called 'Flower Power'. 'Woodstock', Ralph Moore's new Miniature, was actually named for the comic strip character.

August 16
US ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1949: 'Temptress'
DEATHS: 1977: Elvis Presley, at Graceland. The following year, Verlie Wells, an amateur breeder from Elvis' home state of Tennessee, introduced a red Miniature called 'Elvis'. There's also a rose called 'Graceland' for those of you who keep track of these things.
HISTORY: 1896: Gold was discovered in Alaska. Three men found the gold in a little tributary off the Klondike River named Rabbit Creek. They said it laid "thick between the flaky slabs like cheese sandwiches." The discovery opened up the great Klondike Gold Rush. Discovery Day is celebrated every year in the Yukon. 'Gold Rush'

August 17
BIRTHS: 1794: Breeder Jean Laffay in Paris, France. In 1830, Laffay himself introduced 'Triomphe de Laffay' which comes very close to being a personal endorsement if ever there was one!; 1786: Davy Crockett was born in a small cabin on the banks of the Nolichucky River in Tennessee. At the age of 49, he died at The Alamo. 'Davy Crockett'; 'The Alamo'

August 18
BIRTHS: 1587: The birth of Virginia Dare made her the first child born in America of English parents. Virginia was born only days after the colonists' arrival on Roanoke Island, North Carolina. John Clements was asked to name a rose to honor her which is to be planted in the Elizabethan Gardens on Roanoke Island. 'Virginia Dare'; 1927: Former First Lady Rosalyn Carter in Plains, Georgia. 'Rosalyn Carter'

August 19
BIRTHS: 1746: Madame Dubarry. She was the last mistress of Louix XV. 'Madame Dubarry'; 1871:Orville Wright, in Dayton, Ohio. In 1903, Wright was the first man to fly an airplane on December 17, 1903. 'Kitty Hawk'

August 20
DEATHS: 1914: Pope Pius X. His coronation took place on 9 August 1903. 'Pie X'

August 21
US ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1979: 'Gabriella®' (BERgme, 'Gabrielle')
BIRTHS: 1930: Princess Margaret, at Glamis Castle, Angus, Scotland. 'Princess Margaret Rose' is a fragrant pink suffused with orange Hybrid Tea from Cant in 1933. In 1968, Meilland introduced a phlox-pink Hybrid Tea called 'Princess Margaret of England'. That rose won a Gold Medal in Portland in 1977. The climbing version of 'Princess Margaret of England' was introduced a year after the bush form.
HISTORY: 1959: The State of Hawaii , also known as the Aloha State, was admitted to the Union. 'Hawaii', a Hybrid Tea, from Gene Boerner, was Jackson & Perkins Rose of the Year for 1960.

August 23
ZODIAC: Virgo (August 23 - September 22) 'Virgo'
BIRTHS: 1953: Bobby G, the original member of the pop music group, Bucks Fizz. Several British nurseries sell the Poulsen rose called 'Gavnø' (POUlgav) as 'Bucks Fizz'.

August 24
NEW ZEALAND ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1994: TANrezlaw ('Snow Waltz'; 'Schneewalzer'); TANmeda ('Diadem'; 'Royal Bouquet')
HISTORY: 79: Mount Vesuvius erupted. The Italian city of Pompeii was completely buried. Falling fragments of lava and volcanic debris covered Pompeii to a depth of up to nine feet. After that, a rain of ashes fell, which also reached nine feet. In 1923, McGredy introduced a Hybrid Tea called 'Vesuvius'. Vilmorin gave us a Floribunda called 'Vesuvius' that won a Gold Medal at Bagatelle in 1963. There is also a rose called 'Pompeii'.; 1821:Mexico gains independence from Spain. 'Mexico'

August 25
BIRTHS: 1938: Actor Sean Connery. His first James Bond film was Dr. No. 'James Bond 007'

August 26
NEW ZEALAND ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1991: SUNgold ('Little Nugget')
BIRTHS: 1819: Prince Albert (Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel Saxe-Coburg), in Bavaria, Germany. He introduced many reforms in education and housing, and was supportive of science, the arts and industry. He died 14 December 1861 of typhoid fever at Windsor Castle. and is buried at Windsor. 'Prince Albert'; 1872: Joseph Taylor "Joe T." Robinson, in Arkansas. He served as Senator from Arkansas from 1913 to 1937. 'Senator Joe. T. Robinson'
DEATHS: 1974: Charles Lindbergh in Hawaii. At the age of 25, Charles Lindbergh made the first nonstop solo flight from New York to Paris on 20-21 May 1927, in a tiny silver monoplane called the Spirit of St. Louis. 'Lindbergh'

August 28
CANADIAN ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1997: 'AC de Montarville' ('De Montarville'); 'AC Marie-Victorin' ('Marie-Victorin')
BIRTHS: 1749: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Frankfurt. Goethe said: The deed is everything, the glory is naught. 'Wolfgang von Goethe'. 'Goethe'
DEATHS: 1964: Comedienne Gracie Allen. Zany half of a comedy partnership with her husband, George Burns. Tom Carruth raised a lovely white Floribunda named 'Gracie Allen' which was introduced by Weeks Roses in 1998. There's also a rose called 'George Burns'.

August 29
BIRTHS: 1809: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Chief Justice of the United States, in Cambridge, Mass. 'Chief Justice Holmes'.; 1915: Actress Ingrid Bergman. 'Ingrid Bergman' was awarded The World's Favorite Rose in 2000. This rose from Poulsen is easy to grow and is considered to be one of the most dependable dark red garden roses available.

August 30
US ROSE PATENTS ISSUED: 1994: 'Baby Blanket' (KORfullwind); 'Jeeper's Creeper' (KORissel)

August 31: DEATHS; 1997: Princess Diana in Paris, France. David Austin introduced 'England's Rose' in 2000. 'Lady Diana' was introduced in 1986, and 'Diana, Princess of Wales™' in 1998.
HISTORY: 1889: Thomas Edison's inventions helped advance technology, including motion pictures. His kinetoscope, operational on this day, ran film in a continuous movement between a magnifying lens and light source. Since images were viewed through the kinetoscope, the problem of showing them on a screen was not dealt with by Edison. 'Thomas A. Edison'; 1932: The yellow Hybrid Tea, 'Eclipse', was so named because it was first seen to be good on the day of a solar eclipse. 'Eclipse'

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Article (HMF Ezine) published Aug 2000.

Authored by Alex Sutton

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